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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 22; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2012;22(2):167-176
Hemodiyaliz ve sürekli ayaktan periton diyalizi tedavisi altındaki hastalarda depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, yaşam kaliteleri ve stresle başa çıkma tutumları
H Baykan, İ Yargic
Ümraniye Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul - Turkey
Amaç: Hemodiyaliz ve sürekli ayaktan periton diyalizi (SAPD) tedavisi uygulanan kronik böbrek hastaları ve kontrol grubu katılımcılarını depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, yaşam kaliteleri ve stresle başa çıkma tutumları açısından karşılaştırmak, psikiyatrik hastalıklarla karşılaşma sıklığını ve bununla ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 42 hemodiyaliz ve 41 SAPD tedavisi alan kronik böbrek hastası ile hasta gruplarıyla benzer sosyodemografik özellikler gösteren 41 sağlıklı kişi alındı. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterleri; hastaların en az 1 yıldır diyaliz tedavisi altında olmaları, okuryazar olmaları, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul ederek bilgilendirilmiş onam formunu imzalamış olmaları, 18-65 yaş arasında olmaları, önceden bilinen demans, deliryum, organik beyin sendromu, mental retardasyon, psikoz, veya bipolar bozukluk tanısı almamış olmaları ve görüşme sırasında alkol ya da kötüye kullanılabilen bir maddenin etkisi altında olmak gibi hastanın kooperasyonunu, gerçeği değerlendirme yetisini ve bilişsel fonksiyonlarını bozarak, görüşme yapmayı ya da ölçekleri doldurmayı engelleyen durumların bulunmaması olarak alınmıştır. Hastalarda psikiyatrik bozukluk varlığını belirlemek amacıyla ilk görüşmede DSM-IV Eksen-I Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme (SCID-I) uygulandı. Ayrıca Hastane Anksiyete ve Depreyon Ölçeği (HADS), Kısa Form-36 (SF-36) Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği, Stresle Başa Çıkma Tutumları Ölçeği (COPE) ve sosyodemografik veri formları kullanılarak veriler toplandı.
Bulgular: SCID-I’e göre hemodiyaliz hastalarının %59,5’ine, SAPD hastalarının %53,7’sine ve kontrol grubunun %26,8’ine psikiyatrik bozukluk tanısı konuldu. Her üç grupta da en sık depresif bozukluklar görüldü. Stresle başa çıkmada, hemodiyaliz hastalarının SAPD hastalarına göre işlevsel olmayan başa çıkma tutumlarını istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak daha fazla kullandıkları görüldü. SAPD hastalarının Kısa Form-36 fiziksel ve ruhsal bileşen skorlarının ise hemodiyaliz hastalarına göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlendi.
Sonuç: Kronik böbrek yetmezliğinin kendisi kadar tedavi yönteminin de oldukça zorlayıcı olması diğer kronik hastalıklardan ayrılmasına ve psikiyatrik bozuklukların oldukça yaygın görülmesine neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak hastaların psikiyatrik açıdan değerlendirilmesi psikiyatrik hastalıkların görülme sıklığının azaltılması ve yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması için oldukça önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Depression, anxiety disorders, quality of life and stress coping strategies in hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), compared to controls, in respect of depression, anxiety disorders, quality of life and coping strategies with stress and to estimate the morbidity of psychiatric disorders and related risk factors.
Patients and Methods: The patients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis (42 patients) and those with CAPD (41 patients) were included in this study. Also a healthy control group with matched baseline sociodemographic characteristics were included in the study. The patients aged 18-65 [year]s with a history of ≥1 [year] of dialysis therapy and being literate and signing informed consent were included, while patients with the history of known dementia, delirium, organic brain syndrome (OBS), mental retardation, psychosis, bipolar disorder or under the influence of substance or alcohol, leading to disrupted cooperation, reality sense and cognitive functions and thereby interfering with the interview or answering the scale were excluded. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) was used to assess current psychiatric disorders. Additional data were also collected from Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Health related quality of life Short Form-36 (SF-36), COPE (Coping strategies with stress) inventory and sociodemographic data forms.
Results: According to the SCID-I assessment, 59.5% in the hemodialysis group, 53.7% in the CAPD group and 26.8% among controls were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. In all three groups, the most common psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder. The use of non-functional coping strategies was higher in the patients who treated with hemodialysis, compared to those in the CAPD group statistically significant. The physical and mental scores of SF-36 were higher in the patients who treated with CAPD, compared to those in the hemodialysis group.
Conclusion: As both chronic kidney disease and its treatment are very troublesome, the disease differs from other chronic diseases, leading to high incidences of psychiatric disorders. Thus, psychiatric assessment of these patients is of utmost importance to decrease the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and improve quality of life

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