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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 50; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2013;50(1):1-8
Vasküler Depresyon
Y E Sönmez, ŞÖE Aki
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Günümüze dek yapılan pek çok araştırmada vasküler risk faktörleri ile depresyon arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Son yıllarda nörogörüntüleme yöntemlerinin de gelişmesi ile, beyin-damar hastalıkları ve ileri yaş depresyonları arasında daha net bir ilişki tanımlanmaya başlamış ve bu alandaki çalışmalardan hareketle, bir ‘vasküler depresyon’ alt tipi tanımlanmıştır. Bu hipoteze göre vasküler depresyon ilk kez ileri yaşta başlayan, çökkün duygudurumun daha az eşlik ettiği, bilişsel işlevlerde kayıp özellikle yürütücü işlevlerde bozulma ile karakterize, psikomotor retardasyon ve somatik yakınmaların baskın belirtiler olarak görüldüğü, aile öyküsüne nadir rastlanan bir depresyon alt tipini ifade etmektedir. Vasküler depresyonu sadece klinik bulgularla tanımlamanın yetersiz olduğunu düşünen bir grup araştırmacı ise beyin görüntüleme bulgularının tanı için şart olduğunu ileri sürmüşler, subkortikal yerleşimli hiperintensitelerin depresyon belirtileri ile ilişkili olduğu tezini ortaya atmışlardır. İleri yaşta başlayan depresyonun frontal subkortikal yapılardaki beyaz cevher hiperintensiteleri ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiş, bu değişiklikler ileri yaş depresyonundaki duygu düzenlenmesi ve yürütücü işlev bozukluğu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Geç başlangıçlı depresyonda dikkat ve bellek bozukluklarının yanı sıra yürütücü işlevlerde bozulma da farklı çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bu bulgulardan yola çıkarak vasküler depresyon hipotezi subkortikal demans ile de ilişkilendirilmiştir. Vasküler depresyon kavramı henüz üzerinde fikir birliğine varılmış, tanı kriterleri net olarak ortaya konmuş bir kavram değildir. Ancak ileri yaş depresyonlarının bir alt grubunu açıklaması, tedavi yanıtını yordaması, vasküler faktörlerin kontrol edilmesiyle önlenebilir bir durumu ifade etmesi bu kavramı önemli kılmaktadır. Makalede vasküler depresyon hipotezine dair çalışmalar, bulgular ve kavrama yöneltilen eleştiriler gözden geçirilecektir.
Vascular Depression
Research until today has found a positive relationship between vascular risk factors and depression. With the advance in neuroimaging methods in the last years, a more definite relation between cerebrovascular diseases and old-age depression have been described, and in the light of the studies in this field, a ‘vascular depression’ subtype has been defined. According to this hypothesis, ‘vascular depression’ implies a special depression subtype which begins first time in old age, which is accompanied less by depressive mood, characterized by impairment in cognitive abilities, especially in executive functions, dominated by psychomotor retardation and somatic symptoms, and lack of family history of depression. A group of researchers stated that defining vascular depression only with clinical findings would be insufficient, suggested brain imaging findings are required for the diagnosis, and subcortical hyperintensities are related to depression symptoms. Late-onset depression is shown to be related to frontal subcortical white-matter hyperintensities, and these findings were found to be correlated with affect dysregulation and executive dysfunction in late-life depression. Executive dysfunction as well as memory and attention problems in late-onset depression have been shown in different studies. Thus, vascular depression hypothesis is thought to be related with subcortical dementia upon these findings. There is currently no consensus on the concept of vascular depression and diagnostic criteria. But this concept which is explaining a subgroup of late-life depressions, predicting the treatment outcome, and implying a preventable disease with the control of vascular factors, makes vascular depression a very important topic. In this review, research on vascular depression hypothesis, findings and critics about the concept will be reviewed

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