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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 50; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2013;50(1):45-52
Üç-Altı Yaş Grubu Çocukların Oral Motor Becerilerine İlişkin Norm Çalışması
F Turan
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: İletişim bozukluğu açısından incelenen çocukların konuşmanın motor işlevlerine yönelik (Oral Motor: OM) olarak değerlendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, özellikle ifade edici dil alanında güçlük yaşayan çocukların, konuşmaları sırasında sorun oluşturabilecek motor bir probleme sahip olup olmadıklarının belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak, Türkiye’de küçük çocukların konuşma yapılarına ilişkin işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik olarak yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, küçük yaştaki çocuklarda OM becerilerin kazanımına ilişkin yaş özelliklerini belirlemek, konuşmanın motor işlevlerinin kapsamlı bir tanımını yapmak ve planlanan çalışmalara, özellikle nöromotor olmak üzere, konuşma bozukluklarına ilişkin ayırıcı tanı kriterleri hakkında bilgi sağlayabilmektir. Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında, bağlam içinde izole oral hareketler ve sıralı oral hareketlerden oluşan oral motor değerlendirme yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 3 - 6 yaş arasındaki 188 çocuk tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan çocuklar, bilinen konuşma ve/veya dil bozukluğu, işitme engeli ve nörolojik problem gibi sorunlarına ilişkin tanısı olmayan çocuklardan oluşmuş, bu tür sorunu olan çocuklar çalışmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçları, çocukların OM yeteneklerinde dört yaşa kadar olan gelişimsel ilerlemeyi göstermiştir. Ayrıca, 4,0-4,5 yaşa kadar olan çocukların yeteneklerinde yaygın bir farklılık olduğu da gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, küçük çocuklarda gözlenen zayıf OM becerileri yorumlarken dikkatli olunması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Bu gibi normatif veriler, terapistlerin mevcut sorunu tanımlamalarına yardımcı olmakta, terapinin planlanmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca OM değerlendirmede yer alan alt maddeler aracılığıyla, çocukların hangi alanlarda eksiklikleri olduğu tanımlanabilmektedir.
Normative Data for Oromotor Skills of Children Aged Three to Six Years
Objective: Oral motor assessment should be performed for children, with communication disorders. Children with difficulties in expressive language should be assessed for any motor disorder, which may lead to speech disorder. It is remarkable that, there is limited number of studies performed in our country on the assessment of speech structure of young children. The purpose of this study was to provide clinicians with information about the ages of development of such skills; which can be used in conjunction with normative information already available, to provide a comprehensive description of oromotor functioning and to help decisions concerning treatment planning and differential diagnosis of speech, especially neuromotor, speech disorders. Methods: In this study, we used the oromotor assessment approach, which considers sequenced oral movements and isolated oral movements in context.188 children between the ages of 3.0 and 6.0 years were randomly included in the study. Subjects were excluded if they had any known pre-existing speech and/or language disorder, hearing loss or neurological disease. Results: The results of the study showed a developmental maturation of oromotor abilities up to age of 4.0 years in addition, a wide variation in abilities was noted in children aged 4.0 to 4.5 years. Conclusion: A careful attention should be paid to interpreting poor oromotor abilities observed in young children. Normative data help clinicians in determining the problem and planning the treatment. In addition, sub items of OM assessment could be used to identify areas in which the child is incapable.

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