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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 50; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2013;50(3):256-262
Kraepelin Ölçütlerine Uyan Şizofreni Hastalarında Klinik, Nörokognitif, Yapısal Görüntüleme ve Dermatoglifik Özellikler
H Güleç , SU Kaymak, M Bilici, A Gangal, T Kayıkçıoğlu,A Sarı, Ü Tan
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon
Giriş: Yüzyıl önce Kraepelin, şizofreninin ayırt edici özelliğinin, ilerleyici olarak kötüleşme göstermesi olduğunu belirtmiştir. Şizofrenide Kraepelin ölçütleri beş yıl boyunca (i) sürekli hastane yatış hikâyesi, yatmayanlarda günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde başkasına tam bağımlılık, (ii) gerçek bir iş edineme ve (iii) tam düzelmenin yakalanamaması olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılayan şizofreni hastalarının klinik görünümleri ve yapısal biyolojik özelliklerinin Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılamayan şizofreni hastaları ve sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılayan 17 ve bu ölçütlerin dışında kalan 30 şizofreni hastası ile 43 sağlıklı birey örneklemi oluşturdu. Klinik özellikler Klinik Global İzlenim (KGİ) Ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği (PANSS) ile bilişsel işlevler Frontal Değerlendirme Bataryası (FDB), Sözel Akıcılık (SA) ve Renk İzleme Testleri (RİT) ile değerlendirildi. Yapısal özelliklerin değerlendirilmesinde beynin manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntülemesi ve dermatoglifik değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Bulgular: Şizofreni grupları arasında hastalık süresi, yatış öyküsü, intihar öyküsü, geliş şekli, stresör varlığı, tedavi açısından farklılık yoktu. Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılayan şizofreni hastalarında aile öyküsü ve ilaca yanıtsızlık daha yüksek oranda saptandı. Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılayan şizofreni hastalarında PANSS’ın tüm alt ölçekleri ve KGİ puanları daha yüksekti. Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılayan grubun diğer şizofreni hastalarına göre bilişsel işlevlerden yalnızca kategori akıcılığında ve RİT-I’de farklılık gösterdiği saptandı. Üç grup arasında MR ve dermatoglifik ölçüm değerleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark belirlenmedi. Sonuç: Kraepelin ölçütlerini karşılayan şizofreni grubunda performansın düşük saptandığı kategori akıcılığı, dejeneratif süreçlerde önemli bir gösterge kabul edilmektedir. Şiddetli klinik belirtiler, ailesel özellik ve tedaviye yanıtsızlığın bu grupta toplanması gelecekte küme analizini içeren bir yöntem ile çalışmalar yapılması gereğine işaret etmektedir. (
Clinical, Neurocognitive, Structural Imaging and Dermatogliphics in Schizophrenia According toKraepelin Criteria
Introduction: A century ago, Kraepelin stated that the distinctive feature of schizophrenia was progressive deterioration. Kraepelin criteria for schizophrenia are: (1) continuous hospitalization or complete dependence on others for obtaining basic necessities of life, (2) unemployment and (3) no remission for the past five years. We aimed to determine the clinical appearance and structural biological features of Kraepelinian schizophrenia. Methods: The sample consisted of 17 Kraepelinian patients, 30 non-Kraepelinian schizophrenic patients and 43 healthy controls. The Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales (PANSS) were used for clinical assessment. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Verbal Fluency and Color Trail Test (CTT) were included in the cognitive battery. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and dermatoglyphic measurements were performed for structural features. Results: Duration of illness, hospitalization, suicide attempts, admission type, presence of a stressor and treatment choice were similar between the two patient groups. Treatment resistance and family history of schizophrenia were more common in Kraepelinian patients. PANSS and CGI subscales scores were also higher in this group. Only the category fluency and CTT-I were different in Kraepelinian patients in comparison to the other patient group. Structural findings were not different between the three groups. Conclusion: Category fluency, which was lower in Kraepelinian patients, is an important marker of a degenerative process. The collection of severe clinical symptoms, family history of psychiatric illness and nonresponse to treatment in this particular group of patients points to the need to conduct further studies including cluster analysis in methodology.

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