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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 26; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;26(1):1-12
Psikiyatrik Tanıda Betimsel ve Kategorik Yaklaşımların Kısıtlılıklarını Aşmak: Bayes Ağlarına Dayalı Bir Öneri
S Sorias
Serbest psikiyatrist, İzmir
Psikiyatride betimsel ve kategorik yaklaşımlardan kaynaklanan sorunları giderme çabaları şu ana dek bir sonuç vermemiştir. Bu yazıda psikiyatrik tanının Bayes ağlarına dayandırılması önerisi ortaya atılmaktadır. Bayes ağları tanıyı bir olasılık değeri olarak vermekte, böylece hem dereceli, yani boyutsal bir tanı koymakta hem de tanımızın kesinlik derecesini belirtmemize olanak vermektedir. Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısında Bayes ağlarının kullanılmasıyla; 1) Klinik bulguların yanı sıra, etiyolojiye ilişkin bilgiler, eşlik eden özellikler, tedavi sonuçları ve laboratuvar incelemeleri de tanı koymakta kullanılabilir. 2) Her bulgu tanıya kendi özgülük ve duyarlığı ile orantılı bir katkıda bulunur. 3) Eksik veriyle daha düşük olasılıklı olsa da bir tanı konabilir. 4) Klinik tabloları tanı eşiğinin altında kalan hastalar değerlendirilebilir. 5) Varlığından kesinlikle emin olunmayan ya da ölçme hatası içeren veriler kullanılabilir. 6) Hiçbir kategoriye girmeyen hasta kavramı ortadan kalkar. 7) Çoğul tanılar tanısal değerlendirmenin farklı boyutları haline gelir.
Overcoming the Limitations of the Descriptive and Categorical Approaches in Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Proposal Based onBayesian Networks
Efforts to overcome the problems of descriptive and categorical approaches have not yielded results. In the present article, psychiatric diagnosis using Bayesian networks is proposed. Instead of a yes/no decision, Bayesian networks give the probability of diagnostic category inclusion, thereby yielding both a graded, i.e., dimensional diagnosis, and a value of the certainty of the diagnosis. With the use of Bayesian networks in the diagnosis of mental disorders, information about etiology, associated features, treatment outcome, and laboratory results may be used in addition to clinical signs and symptoms, with each of these factors contributing proportionally to their own specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, a diagnosis (albeit one with a lower probability) can be made even with incomplete, uncertain, or partially erroneous information, and patients whose symptoms are below the diagnostic threshold can be evaluated. Lastly, there is no need of NOS or “unspecified” categories, and comorbid disorders become different dimensions of the diagnostic evaluation. Bayesian diagnoses allow the preservation of current categories and assessment methods, and may be used concurrently with criteria-based diagnoses. Users need not put in extra effort except to collect more comprehensive information. Unlike the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, the Bayesian approach neither increases the diagnostic validity of existing categories nor explains the pathophysiological mechanisms of mental disorders. It, however, can be readily integrated to present classification systems. Therefore, the Bayesian approach may be an intermediate phase between criteria-based diagnosis and the RDoC ideal.

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