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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 26; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;26(1):65-70
Şizotipal Kişilik Bozukluğu ile Otizm Spektrum Bozukluklarının Ayırıcı Tanısı: Bir Olgu Sunumu
B Ünver, Ö Öner, P Yurtbaşı
Dr. Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara.
Şizotipal kişilik bozukluğu, yakın ilişkilerde birdenbire rahatsızlık duyma ve yakın ilişkilere girebilme becerisinde azalma, toplumsal ve kişiler arası yetersizliklerin yanı sıra, bilişsel ya da algısal çarpıklıkların ve alışılagelenin dışında davranışlarla karakterizedir. Şizotipal kişilik bozukluğu, uygunsuz ve kısıtlı duygulanım, yakın arkadaşın olmaması, sosyal alanda yaşanan yetersizlik gibi belirtileriyle otizm spektrum bozukluklarında (OSB) görülen sosyal sorunlarla örtüşmektedir. Her iki bozuklukta benzer belirtilerin görülmesi ayırıcı tanıyı zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu yazıda şizotipal kişilik bozukluğu ön tanılı ergen olgusu ele alınarak ayırıcı tanı tartışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte olguda acayip görünüm, büyüsel düşünceler ve alınma fikirleri şizotipal kişilik bozukluğunu düşündürürken; 2 yaşında göz teması kurmuyor olması, yalnız başına kalmayı ve oynamayı tercih etmesi ve 4 yaşında çocuk psikiyatrisine başvurulması otizm spektrum bozukluğunu düşündürmektedir. Yapılan psikolojik değerlendirmelerde Wecshler Çocuklar için Zekâ Ölçeği – Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu (WÇZÖ-G) profilinin otizmli çocuklarla uyumlu olması, Şizotipal Kişilik Ölçeği’ne göre hastanın anksiyete, yakın arkadaşın olmaması, kısıtlı duygulanım gibi belirtilerine karşılık gelen kişiler arası şizotipi kategorisinde yer alması OSB’nin iletişim yetersizliğiyle örtüşüyor görünmektedir. Bu olguda, otizm ile ilgili en önemli gelişmelerden birisi olan otizm ve şizofreninin ayrımının, her iki bozukluğun da birer yelpaze olarak ele alınması ile birlikte, özellikle daha az tipik olgularda sanıldığı kadar açık olmayabileceği görülmektedir.
Differential Diagnosis Between Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Report
Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. Inappropriate or constricted affect, reduced capacity for relationships, lack of close friends and reduced capacity for social life are the symptoms that overlap both schizotypal personality disorder and autism spectrum disorders. The making of differential diagnosis may be difficult since several symptoms are similar between these disorders. In this study, we discussed the differential diagnosis issues on the basis of an adolescent case. Odd apperance, magical thoughts, reference thoughts suggests Schizotypal Personality Disorder whereas lack of eye contact at 2 years old, a preference to be isolated and play alone and referral to a child psychiatrist at 4 years old suggest Autism Spectrum Disorders. Based on the results of psychological assessment, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised (WISC-R) profile is compatible with autistic children’s profiles. Based on Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the patient’s anxiety, lack of close friends, constricted affect symptoms which take place in the category of interpersonal schizotypy seems to overlap with lack of communication of Autism Spectrum Disorders. This case report indicates that, separation of autism and schizophrenia, a very important historical breakthrough in autism research, may be blurred in cases with less typical clinical pictures representing autistic and schizophrenic “spectrum” diagnosis.

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