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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 52; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2015;52(2):163-168
Epileptik ve Psikojen Nonepileptik Nöbet Geçiren Hastalarda Kognitif Etkilenmenin Karşılaştırılması
AÖ Çelik, P Kurt, G Yener, T Alkın, İ Öztura, B Baklan
Kanuni Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Trabzon
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hem epilepsi hastalarında, hem de psikojen nonepileptik nöbet (PNEN) geçiren hastalarda nöbet öncesi ve nöbet sonrası erken dönemde yapılan nöropsikolojik testlerle kognitif etkilenmeyi değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalara seçilmiş nörokognitif testler uygulanmıştır. Monitorizasyonda tipik nöbet gözlendikten ve elektroensefalografi (EEG) aktivitesi normale döndükten sonra 24 saat içerisinde hastalara daha önce uygulanmış olan nörokognitif testler tekrarlanmıştır. Sağlıklı kontrol grubuna da bazal nörokognitif testler uygulanmış, ikinci nörokognitif değerlendirme 24-96 saat içerisinde yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Bazal kognitif değerlendirmede PNEN’i olan hasta grubunda, sözel bellek öğrenme puanı ve stroop testi enterferans süresi kontrollere oranla anlamlı olarak daha kötü saptandı. Epilepsisi olan hastalarda yapılan bazal kognitif testlerde ise kontrollere göre, sözel bellek öğrenme puanı, uzun süreli bellek ve toplam tanıma test puanları anlamlı olarak daha düşük saptandı. Tekrarlanan kognitif testler sonrasında, PNEN’i olan hasta grubunda sözel kategorik akıcılık puanında anlamlı yükselme saptandı. Epilepsisi olan grupta anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Kontrol grubu içerisinde ise Stroop enterferans süresinde anlamlı kısalma olduğu saptandı, ancak benzer değişim epilepsi hastalarında ve PNEN’i olan hasta grubunda gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Değerlendirilen epilepsi hastalarında bellek sorunları görece ön planda iken, PNEN’i olan hastalarda dikkat ve yürütücü işlev sorunları daha baskın gibi gözükmektedir. Bu bulgular olasılıkla hastalık süresi, duygudurum bozuklukları ve belirli ilaç kullanımları gibi pek çok faktörle etkileşmektedir. Tüm hasta grubunda nöbet sonrası erken dönemde dikkat ve yürütücü işlevlerde bir bozulma ortaya konamamıştır.
Comparison of Cognitive Impairment between Patients having Epilepsy and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive impairment in patients having epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) using selected neuropsychological tests at different time periods related to the seizure. Methods: In this study, selected neurocognitive tests were administered to the patients. Within 24 h, the previously applied neurocognitive tests were repeated within 24 h following the observation of typical seizures when monitoring and normalizing electroencephalography (EEG) activity. Basal neurocognitive tests were also administered to the healthy control group, and repeat neurocognitive evaluation was performed within 24–96 h. Results: The basal neurocognitive evaluation revealed that verbal learning and memory scores as well as Stroop test interference time were significantly lower in the PNES group compared with those in the controls. In the basal cognitive tests administered to the patients with epilepsy, verbal learning and memory scores, long-term memory, and total recognition test scores were significantly lower than those of the controls. Following the repeat cognitive tests, significant progress was found in the verbal categorical fluency score of the PNES group. No significant difference was determined in the epilepsy group. Significant contraction was determined in the Stroop interference time in the control group, but no similar change was recorded in the epilepsy or PNES groups. Conclusion: While memory problems seemed to be most prominent in the assessed patients with epilepsy, attention and executive function problems were more dominant in the patients with PNESs. These findings are probably related to numerous factors such duration of disease, mood disorders, and specific drug use. No deterioration in attention and executive functions was reported in the early post-seizure period in either patient group.

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