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Yıl:1995; Cilt: 32; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 1995;32(1):1-9
Multipl Skleroz İmmunogenetiği
GS Direskeneli, M Eraksoy
İstanbul Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi
Multipl Skleroz (MS) merkezi sinir sisteminde miyelin yıkımına neden olan, multtfokal, inflamatuar bir hastalığıdır. MS etyopatogenezinde genetik ve çevresel nedenlerin rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. İkiz ve aile çalışmaları yanı sıra farklı etnik grupların incelenmesi MS'e yatkınlıkta genetiğin etkisine dikkat çekmiştir. Immun sistemin kendine yönelen bir yanıtı olarak da ele alınabilen patogenezde "major histocompatibility complex" (MHC) ve T hücre reseptörü (THR) genlerinin katkısı varsayılmaktadır. Benzer otoimmun durumlar gibi ele alındığından MHC ve THR genleri üe MS arasındaki bağlantı yoğun olarak araştırılmaktadır. Farklı topluluklarda dağılım farkları ile dikkat çeken ve polimorfik MHC genlerinin ürünü olan Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) grupları ile MS arasında farklı bağlantılar bildirilmiş, bunların arasında HLA DR15 DQ6 Dw2 haplotipi ile bağlantı en güçlüsü olarak kabul edilmiştir. THR genleri ile MS'e yatkınlık arasında ilişki kurulmaya çalışılan çalışmaların sonuçlan ise belirgin bir sonuç vermemektedir.
MS'e yatkınlığın poligenik bir özellik gösterebileceği, bunun yanısıra çevresel faktörlerin de etkisinin bu temelde önem kazanabileceği görüşü genel olarak kabul edilmektedir.
Immunogenetic Of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of central nervous system (CNS) characterized by localized myelin destruction within CNS. The etiology of MS is supposed to be associated with a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Studies of twins, familial MS cases and ethnic groups demonstrate genetic influences on susceptibility for MS. Certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes related to the aberrant immune response in MS are suggested to have increased frequencies in MS patients. As in the case of other autoimmune diseases, associations of MHC and TCR genes have been investigated extensively in MS. The highly polymorphic genes of MHC region and their products, HLAs, are shown to be partially responsible for susceptibility and the disease is associated with HLA DR15 DQ6 Dw2 haplotype in different populations with different relative risks. The studies concerning MS susceptibility associated with restristion fragments lenght polymorphism (RFLP)-defined allelic patterns or haplotypes have been inconclusive. Besides having a polygenic nature for susceptibility, environmental factors also influence the relative risk in the development of MS.

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