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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 57; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2020;57(3):222-227
Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu Şiddeti için Yeni Polisomnografik Veri İndeksleri –Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromuna Farklı Bir Bakı
N Demir, İ Öztura
Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) uykuda tekrarlayan anormal solunum olayları ile karakterize olup, çeşitli kardiyovasküler hastalıkların altında yattığı bildirilen majör patojenik mekanizmayı teşkil eden oksidatif strese neden olur. Tanıda ve tedavi yaklaşımın belirlenmesinde hastalıkla ilişkili semptomlar ve polisomnografi (PSG) incelemesinde elde edilen apne/hipopne indeksi (AHİ) değerleri dikkate alınmaktadır. Ancak, AHİ değeri gece içerisinde ortaya çıkmış olan toplam hipoksi yükünü tam olarak temsil etmemektedir. Bu nedenle apne sayısı, süresi ve desaturasyon derecesi ilişkili diğer indekslerin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda retrospektif olarak 317 PSG verisi değerlendirilmiş; konvansiyonel AHİ hesaplaması yanı sıra, apne hipopnede geçen toplam uyku yüzdesi (AHSY) ve desaturasyon alanı (DesatAlan) değerleri hesaplanarak OUAS gruplaması yeniden yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar: AHİ değerine göre hafif, orta, ağır OUAS gruplarının dağılımı sırasıyla %21,8, %32,8, %45,4 iken; AHSY verilerine göre olgular yeniden gruplandırıldığında dağılım %10,4, %22,1, %67,5 olarak değişkenlik göstermiştir. DesatAlan verilerine göre gruplandırma yapıldığında hafif, orta ve ağır OUAS oranları sırasıyla %10,7, %21,1, %68,1 olarak bulunmuştur. AHSY ve DesatAlan verilerine göre gruplandırmadaki değişim oranı her iki parametreye göre de %58,4 olup, birbirlerine göre farklılık ortaya koymadıkları izlenmiştir. AHSY ve DesatAlan’a göre hafif olguların sırasıyla %52,2 ve %50,7’sinde, orta OUAS olgularının sırasıyla %62,5 ve %63’ünde gruplandırma değişikliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Hafif olgulardaki grup değişimi çoğunlukla orta olmak üzere orta ve ağır OSAS yönünde olmuş, orta OUAS olgularında grup değişimi gösterenler ağır OSAS olarak yeniden gruplandırılmıştır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak; farklı parametreler kullanıldığında aynı hastalık şiddeti alt kategorisi içerisinde değerlendirilen olguların hipoksi şiddeti açısından farklılık gösterdikleri görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, AHİ değeri temelinde yapılan gruplamanın hastalık şiddetini yansıtmada yetersiz olduğunu, diğer polisomnografik verilerin değerlendirmeye katılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
New Indices from Polysomnographic Measures for the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome –A Different Look at Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent abnormal respiratory events during sleep and causes oxidative stress which is reported as a major pathogenic mechanism for the development of various cardiovascular disorders. For the diagnosis and management of treatment, disease-related symptoms and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) measured from polysomnographic (PSG) recordings are taken together. However, AHI do not sufficiently represent the total hypoxic load, and other indices related to apnea frequency, apnea duration, and desaturation degree should be investigated. Methods: In this study, 317 polysomnographic recordings were retrospectively evaluated. Apart from the conventional AHI, apnea and/or hypopnea duration percentage (AHDP) and desaturation area (DesatArea) were calculated using PSG data. Results: According to the AHI, 21.8%, 32.8% and 45.4% of cases were grouped as mild, moderate and severe OSAS, respectively. When AHDP was taken into account, 10.4%, 22.1% and 67.5% of the cases were regrouped as mild, moderate or severe OSAS, respectively. When the DesatArea calculation was used, the grouping of cases as mild, moderate or severe OSAS changed in value to 10.7%, 21.1% and 68.1%, respectively. The total group change was found to be 58.4% for both the AHDP and DesatArea formulation. With the AHDP formulation, regrouping was made in 52.2% of the mild OSAS cases and 62.5% of the moderate OSAS cases; by using the DesatArea calculation, 50.7% of mild OSAS cases and 63% of moderate OSAS cases were regrouped. Conclusion: Our results show that when another parameters related to abnormal respiratory events are used, the same patients within the same group of disease severity are heterogeneously separated according to severity of hypoxia. It is suggested that grouping the patients based on AHI is insufficient and that using other polysomnographic measurements along with AHI should be considered to represent the severity of the disease.

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