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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 60; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2023;60(2):117-123
İdiyopatik İntrakraniyal Hipertansiyon Hastalarında Lomber Ponksiyon Öncesi ve Sonrası Optik Ultrasonografi ile Ölçülen Optik Sinir Kılıf Çaplarının Karşılaştırılması
Z Bozdoğan, E Şenel, Ö Özmuk, H Karataş, O Kurşun
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Amaç: İdiyopatik intrakranyial hipertansiyon (İİH); baş ağrısı, görme bulanıklığı, papilödem gibi bulgulara neden olan ve tanı konulup tedavisi uygulanmazsa kalıcı görme kayıplarına yol açabilen bir durumdur ve kesin tanısı için çoğunlukla lomber ponksiyon (LP) ile intrakraniyal basıncın ölçülmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada İİH hastalarında LP öncesi ve sonrası optik sinir kılıf çapı (OSKÇ) ölçümü yapılarak bu ölçümlerin kafa içi basınç değişikliği ile ilişkisine bakıldı. Böylece İİH tanısında veya takibinde non-invaziv bir işlem olan optik sinir ultrasonografisinin kullanılıp kullanılamayacağının araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Nöroloji polikliniklerine Mayıs 2014 ile Aralık 2015 ayları arasında başvuran ve İİH tanısı konulan 25 hasta alındı. Kontrol grubu olarak ise baş ağrısı, görme bozukluğu veya tinnitus dışında bir yakınmayla başvuran ve OSKÇ ölçülen 22 kişi alındı. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen hastalara, LP öncesi ve LP sonrası sağ ve sol OSKÇ ölçümü yapıldı. Hastalara LP yapılıp beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) açılış ve kapanış basıncı ölçüldü. Kontrol grubuna alınan kişilere de optik USG yapıldı, OSKÇ’leri ölçüldü. Bulgular: İİH grubundakilerin yaş ortalaması 34,8±11,5, kontrol grubunda ise 45,8±13,3 olarak bulundu. Hasta grubunda BOS açılış basıncı ortalaması 33,9±8,0 cm H2 O, kapanış BOS basıncı ise 18,1±4,7 cm H2 O olarak ölçüldü. Lomber ponksiyon öncesi bakılan OSKÇ ortalaması sağda 7,1±1,0 mm, solda 6,9±0,7 mm iken LP sonrası OSKÇ ortalaması sağda 6,7±0,9 mm, solda 6,4±0,8 mm olarak bulundu ve LP öncesi ile sonrası OSKÇ arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (sağ için p=0,006 sol için p<0,001). Kontrol grubunda ise OSKÇ ortalaması sağda 5,4±0,7 mm, solda 5,5±0,6 mm olarak saptandı ve LP öncesi OSKÇ ile kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (sağ ve sol için p<0,001). Beyin omurilik sıvısı açılış basıncı ile LP öncesi sol OSKÇ ölçümleri arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptandı (r=0,501, p=0,011). Sonuç: Yaptığımız çalışmada optik USG ile OSKÇ ölçümünün anlamlı bir şekilde kafa içi basınç artışını yansıttığı ve LP ile basıncın düşürülmesinin hızlı bir şekilde bu ölçüme etki ettiği gösterilmiştir. Buna dayanarak İİH hastalarının non-invaziv bir yöntem olan optik USG ile ölçülen OSKÇ ölçümlerinin tanı ve takipte kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Comparison of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameters Measured by Optic Ultrasonography Before and After Lumbar Puncture in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients
Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) symptoms include headache, blurred vision, and papilledema which may lead to permanent vision loss unless diagnosed and treated. Definitive diagnosis of IIH usually requires the measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) via lumbar puncture (LP) which is an invasive and unwanted technique for patients. In our study, optic nerve sheath diameters (ONSD) were measured before and after lumbar puncture in IIH patients and the relationship of these measurements with ICP changes was evaluated as well as the effect of decreasing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure after a lumbar puncture on ONSD. Thus, we want to investigate whether optic nerve ultrasonography (USG) is a useful tool instead of the invasive LP for the diagnosis of IIH. Methods: A total of 25 patients who applied to the neurology clinics of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital between May 2014 and December 2015 and were diagnosed with IIH were included in the study. The control group consisted of 22 individuals who applied with complaints other than headaches, visual impairment or tinnitus. Optic nerve sheath diameters were measured from both eyes before and after the LP. After pre-LP measurements were taken, opening and closing CSF pressure was measured. In the control group, ONSD was measured with optic USG. Results: Mean age of the IIH group and the control group was determined as 34.8±11.5 and 45.8±13.3 years, respectively. In the patient group, mean CSF opening pressure was 33.9±8.0 cm H2 O and mean closing pressure was 18.1±4.7 cm H2 O. Mean ONSD measured pre-LP was 7.1±1.0 mm in the right eye and 6.9±0.7 mm in the left eye, while mean post-LP ONSD was 6.7±0.9 mm in the right eye and 6.4±0.8 mm in the left eye. There was a statistically significant difference between ONSD values before and after the LP (p=0.006 for the right eye, p<0.001 for the left eye). In the control group, mean ONSD was 5.4±0.7 mm in the right eye and 5.5±0.6 mm in the left eye, and a statistically significant difference was found between ONSD values before and after the LP (p<0.001 for the right eye and left eye). A significant positive correlation was determined between left ONSD measurements before the LP and CSF opening pressure (r=0.501, p=0.011). Conclusions: In the present study, it was found that ONSD measurement by optic USG significantly displays increased ICP, and decreasing pressure via LP is rapidly reflecting ONSD measurement. Based on these findings, it is suggested that ONSD measurements by optic USG, a non-invasive method, can be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of IIH patients.

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