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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 45; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2008;45(Özel):26-36
Multipl Skleroz'da Uzun Süreli Koruyucu Tedaviler
D Uludüz, S Saip, A Siva
İstanbul Üniv. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fak. Nöroloji ABD, İstanbul
Multipl Skleroz (MS) merkezi sinir sistemini tutan nöro-dejeneratif ve nöro-inflamatuar özellikler taşıyan klinik ve patolojik davranışı heterojen olan bir hastalıklar grubudur. Bu yer alan ataklı tipinde uzun dönem koruyucu tedavilerin kullanımı uygundur. Nitekim uzun dönem koruyucu tedavilerin atak sıklığını ve MR aktivitesini azalttığı, hastalığın seyrini yavaşlatabildiği bilinmektedir. Uzun dönem tedaviler çoğunlukla anti-inflamatuar etki göstermekte olup interferon beta grubu ilaçlar ve glatiramer asetat'ın önde gelen etki mekanizmalarının da orta derecede anti-inflamatuar etki olduğu kabul edilmekle birlikte etkinlikleri sınırlıdır. Mitoxantron ve Siklofosfamid gibi immünsupresif ilaçlar hastalığa karşı daha etkili bir anti-inflamatuar etki gösterirler, fakat yan etkileri de daha ciddidir, interferonlar ve glatiramer asetattan olasılıkla daha etkili olan Natalizumab yakın zamanda kullanıma girmiştir, fakat düşük oranda dahi olsa PML'ye yol açma riski taşımaktadır. Tüm MS hastalarında hastalık ilerleme göstermediğinden ve sakatlıkla sonuçlanmadığından her hastada uzun dönem koruyucu tedavi gerekli olmayabilir. Hangi hastaya tedavi başlanacağı ve hangi tedavinin seçileceğine MS konusunda uzman nörologun karar vermesi uygun olacaktır. Tedavi seçeneğine risk-yarar oranına göre bireysel/hasta-odaklı olarak karar verilmesi uygundur. Bu bölümde MS hastalarında uzun dönem koruyucu tedavi yaklaşımları tartışılacaktır.
Long-term Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS which may present and progress heterogeneously. It is rather a spectrum and currently there is some evidence that long term treatments may be effective for its relapsing forms. Such treatments have been shown to reduce the number of attacks and MRI-related disease burden with the probability to slow progression. These long term treatments are considered to have mostly an antiinflammatory activity. Interferon beta group drugs and glatiramer acetate are likely to exert their therapeutic effects through a number of different mechanisms but probably the main one is anti-inflammatory being through such mechanisms, but their efficacy is limited. Immunosuppressive drugs such as Mitoxantrone and Cyclophosphamide are accepted to have a more potent anti-inflammatory effect with better efficacy, but with more serious adverse effects. Natalizumab is one of the new players in the field with a supposedly better efficacy than the interferon betas or glatiramer acetate, but yet carries an increased risk of being associated with progressive mulifocal leukoencepalopathy as a serious side effect. As not all patients with MS progress and end up with disability, long-term treatments may not be necessary for every individual, who receives the diagnosis of MS. It is the MS neurologist who should consider first whether the patient should be put on long term treatment and once such a decision is given, then which one. The agents to be selected should be determined according to the benefit-risk ratio for each patient individually. In this review these issues are discussed.

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