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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 46; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2009;46(2):61-69
Star-D Sonrası: Sağaltıma Direnen Depresyon (SDD)
O Yazıcı
İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye
Dirençli depresyon sağaltımı konusunda literatürdeki kanıt yokluğu Star-D çalışmasıyla da hala tam aşılamamış ve temel sorular hala yanıtsız olsa da, şimdi elimizde çok daha güvenilir veriler bulunmaktadır. Bu veriler şöyle özetlenebilir: 1. Dirençli depresyon tanımı için, iki uygun antidepresan denemesiyle yeterli düzelme olmaması ölçütü doğru görünmektedir. 2. Antidepresan sağaltım optimal doz monoterapi şeklinde başlamalıdır. Yanıt ve tam düzelme, çoğu hastada 6-8 haftaya gereksinir. Sağaltımın dördüncü haftasında yanıt yoksa, maksimal ya da tolere edilen en yüksek doza doğru bir doz artımı başlatılmalıdır. Kısmi yanıt halinde ayni dozda kalınabilir. 3. Altıncı haftadaki tam yanıtsızlıkta, yalancı direnç etkenleri dışlandıktan sonra, antidepresan değiştirilebilir; kısmi yanıtta ise güçlendirme ya da birleştirme seçilebilir. 4. Bu stratejilerin öngörücüleri henüz belirsizdir. Ağır bir depresyonda, değiştirme yerine, güçlendirme veya birleştirme daha güvenli olabilir. Giderek ağırlaşmakta olan bir depresyonda ise, EKT en güvenli seçenek olabilir. 5. Güçlendirme ve birleştirme stratejileri, şimdilik benzer etkinlikte görünmektedir. 6. Güçlendirme için T3, lityum ve buspiron akla gelebilir. 7. Birleştirme için, SSRI+bupropion, venlafaksin+mirtazapin, SSRI+TSA, TSA+Mianserin, SSRI+Mirtazapin ve SSRI+Reboksetin anımsanabilir. 8. Bir SSRI’a başarısızlıkta değiştirme açısından, venlafaksin, TSA’lar, bupropion, mirtazapin ve başka bir SSRI olası seçeneklerdir. 9. Eldeki veriler, iki denemeye yanıtsızlıkta diğer ilaç denemelerinin de çok sınırlı bir başarısını bildirdiğinden, bu durumda daha fazla vakit kaybetmeden EKT’ye geçilmesi gerektiğini ileri süren görüşler haklı olabilir.
After Star-D: Treatment Resistant Depression
Although the lack of evidence in literature for the treatment of resistant depression has not been totally overcome by Star-D Study, and the basic questions are still unanswered; we can assume that now we have much more reliable data regarding the topic. The recent data can be seen as such: 1.The definition of treatment-resistant depression as ‘not to have response (or remission) after two appropriate trials of different antidepressants’ seems to be true. 2. Antidepressant therapy should start as monotherapy with optimal dose. Most of the patients require 6-8 weeks for response or remission. A dose increase towards the maximal or the highest tolerated dose must start in the 4th week, if there is no response. The same dose can be maintained if there is a partial response. 3. In case of an absolute unresponsiveness in the 6 th week, switching the antidepressant can be considered after the exclusion of the factors of pseudo-resistance; and a partial response may suggest an augmentation or combination strategy. 4. The predictors of those strategies are unknown yet. For a severe depression it may be safer to choose augmentation or combination instead of switch. For a worsening depression, on the other hand, ECT may be the safest and most correct option. 5. At present, the data show that augmentation and combination have almost the same efficacy in case of resistance. 6. Regarding the available data, T3, lithium or buspirone options can be considered for augmentation. 7. SSRI+bupropione, venlafaxine+mirtazapine, SSRI+TCA, TCA+mianserine, SSRI+mirtazapine, and SSRI+reboxetine can be seen as options for combination strategy. 8. In regard to switching, venlafaxine, TCA’s, bupropione, mirtazapine, and another SSRI seem to be the options in case of an SSRI‘s failure. 9. Since the available data show that all the medication alternatives have a very limited success after two failures with different antidepressants, considering ECT in that step can be rational.

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